鋼結(jié)構(gòu)高強(qiáng)度螺栓可以從受力特征上區(qū)分為摩擦型連接和承壓型連接兩類。高強(qiáng)度螺栓承壓型連接的連接面只需作防銹處理即可。然而高強(qiáng)度螺栓摩擦型具有連接緊密，受力良好，耐疲勞，適宜承受動(dòng)力荷載的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但連接面需要做摩擦面處理，一般采用噴砂、噴砂后涂無機(jī)富鋅漆來處理。
High strength bolts of steel structures can be divided into friction type connections and pressure type connections from the mechanical characteristics. The connection surface of high-strength bolt pressure bearing connection only needs rust prevention treatment. However, the friction type of high-strength bolts has the advantages of tight connection, good stress, fatigue resistance and suitable for bearing dynamic loads. However, the connection surface needs to be treated with friction surface, which is generally treated by sandblasting and applying inorganic zinc rich paint after sandblasting.
鋼結(jié)構(gòu)高強(qiáng)度螺栓由于螺栓構(gòu)造和施工方法不一樣，又可以分為大六角頭高強(qiáng)度螺栓和扭剪型高強(qiáng)度螺栓兩類。大六角頭型和普通六角頭粗制螺栓相同，扭剪型的螺栓頭與鉚釘頭相仿，但是扭剪型的螺紋端頭設(shè)置了一個(gè)梅花卡頭和一個(gè)能夠控制緊固扭矩的環(huán)形槽溝，這個(gè)差別需要注意。
Due to different bolt structures and construction methods, steel structure high-strength bolts can be divided into two types: large hexagon head high-strength bolts and torsion shear high-strength bolts. The large hexagon head type is the same as the ordinary hexagon head rough bolt. The bolt head of the torsion shear type is similar to the rivet head, but the thread end of the torsion shear type is provided with a plum blossom chuck and an annular groove that can control the tightening torque. This difference needs attention.
—個(gè)螺栓連接副包括螺栓、螺母、墊圈三部分。高強(qiáng)度螺栓的構(gòu)造要求和排列要求，與普通螺栓的構(gòu)造及排列要求相同。然后一定要符合規(guī)范使用，大六角頭只能使用8.8級高強(qiáng)螺栓，扭剪型高強(qiáng)度螺栓只能使用10.9級高強(qiáng)度螺栓。
A bolt connection pair includes bolts, nuts and washers. The structural requirements and arrangement requirements of high-strength bolts are the same as those of ordinary bolts. Then it must be used in accordance with the specifications. Only grade 8.8 high-strength bolts can be used for large hexagon head, and only grade 10.9 high-strength bolts can be used for torsional shear high-strength bolts.
鋼結(jié)構(gòu)高強(qiáng)度螺栓的預(yù)拉力是通過扭緊螺母實(shí)現(xiàn)的。通常使用扭矩法、轉(zhuǎn)角法或扭掉螺栓尾部梅花卡頭法來控制預(yù)拉力。
The pretension of steel structure high-strength bolts is realized by tightening nuts. Generally, torque method, angle method or quincunx clamp method at the end of the bolt are used to control the pretension.
目前有一種顯示扭矩的特制扳手，通過測定的扭矩和螺栓拉力之間的關(guān)系，再來施加扭矩達(dá)到必要的超張拉值。
At present, there is a special wrench that displays torque. By measuring the relationship between torque and bolt tension, torque is applied to achieve the necessary overstretch value.
轉(zhuǎn)角法轉(zhuǎn)角法又分為二個(gè)步驟，一是初擰，二是終擰。簡單來說，初擰一般是工人使用普通扳手使得被連接構(gòu)件相互緊密貼合，而終擰則是以初擰的貼緊位置作為起點(diǎn)，根據(jù)螺栓直徑和板疊厚度來確定的終擰角度，用強(qiáng)有力的扳手旋轉(zhuǎn)螺母，擰預(yù)定角度值時(shí)，螺栓的拉力就可以達(dá)到要求的預(yù)拉力數(shù)值了。為了防止高強(qiáng)度螺栓受外部環(huán)境的影響，使扭矩系數(shù)發(fā)生變化，故一般初擰、終擰應(yīng)該在同內(nèi)完成。
Turning angle method turning angle method is divided into two steps, one is initial screwing and the other is final screwing. To put it simply, the initial tightening is generally that workers use ordinary wrenches to make the connected members closely fit each other, while the final tightening is that the final tightening angle is determined according to the bolt diameter and plate stack thickness with the initial tightening position as the starting point. When the nut is rotated with a powerful wrench to a predetermined angle, the bolt tension can reach the required pretension value. In order to prevent the torque coefficient of high-strength bolts from changing due to the influence of external environment, the initial tightening and final tightening should be completed in the same day.
扭剪型扭剪型高強(qiáng)度螺栓的受力特征與一般高強(qiáng)度螺栓相同，只是施加預(yù)拉力的方法為用擰斷螺栓梅花頭切口處截面來控制預(yù)拉力數(shù)值。
The mechanical characteristics of torsional shear high-strength bolts are the same as those of general high-strength bolts, except that the method of applying pretension is to control the pretension value by breaking the section at the notch of the bolt's quincunx head.
摩擦型高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接完全依靠被連接構(gòu)件間的摩擦阻力傳力，而摩擦阻力的大小除了螺栓的預(yù)拉力外，與被連接構(gòu)件材料及其接觸面的表面處理所確定的摩擦面抗滑移系數(shù)。
Friction type high-strength bolt connection completely relies on the frictional resistance between the connected members to transmit force. In addition to the pretension of the bolts, the magnitude of the frictional resistance is related to the anti slip coefficient of the friction surface determined by the surface treatment of the materials of the connected members and their contact surfaces.
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